|
AN
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WRITINGS OF THE HEBRAIST AND BIBLICAL SCHOLAR
THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE (1841-1915),
with some
Biographical data and materials pertinent to his Baha'i status
IN
PROGRESS 2009-10
©
Stephen Lambden, Hurqalya Publications.
Thomas .K. Cheyne
(1841-1915), Biblical Scholar and Bahā'ī
Thomas Kelly Cheyne was born
in London on Sept. 18, 1841 coming from a family that traces its genealogical
roots back to (Scotland and ?) France as his surname implies -- on Cheyne and of the wider Cheyne
family see
http://www.rootsweb.com/~cheyne/
On the pronunciation of Cheyne see `Cheyne:
its Pronunciation,
PLATT Notes and Queries.1909; s10-XI: 388
TKC was educated at Worcester College,
Oxford (B.A., 1862) and also studied in Germany at the University of Göِttingen under
Georg Heinrich August Ewald (1803-1875).
Click to Expand
Georg Heinrich August Ewald (1803-1875)
of the University of Göِttingen
(Germany), a key teacher of T. K. Cheyne.
Add Ewald URL and see bibliography.
Cheyne became a deacon in the Church
of England in 1864 and was ordained priest in 1865. From 1868 to 1882
he was fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, where he lectured on Hebrew
and divinity between 1870 to 1871. TKC became rector of Tendring,
Essex UK, from 1880 to 1885 being a Fellow of Balliol College,
Oxford from 1868-82. He was `Oriel Professor of
Interpretation of Scripture' at the University of Oxford between
1885-1908. In 1904 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy :
http://www. ADD
The British Library (London) contains
some early correspondence (= Add. 46844 B)
between TKC., and his father-in-law
Thomas Hartwell Horne (1780-1862) best known as a bibliographer and
author of the weighty An Introduction to the Critical Study and
Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures: with Maps and Facsimiies of
Biblical Manuscripts (3 vols. 1818) which was ultimately supplemented with extra volumes and
went through eleven editions by
1860.
This
early `Photo by Hills and Saunders' (16
Cornmarket
Street Oxford) of Dr. T.K. Cheyne as pasted onto the inside cover of
an edition of (Part 10 of) 'The Polychrome Bible', Isaiah (a
New English translation by T.K. Cheyne) Ed. Paul Haupt,
London... 1898.
SELECT
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES 1868-1914
1868
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1868
Notes
and criticisms on the Hebrew text of Isaiah. London: MacMillan. ix,
42pp. 23cm. Copy in Ohio State U. MAIN Stacks BS1515 .C5 c.1. Copy
in Trinity College, Dublin. Univ. Glasgow; Manchester; Durham; National
Library of Scotland ; King's College London
1870
Cheyne, T. K.,
The
Academy, 1871.
TKC wrote many notices and reviews for
The
Academy which was started in
1871 by Dr. C. E. Appleton ( ADD). In her important biographical note on Cheyne
in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Joanna
Hawke writes,
"Cheyne's special knowledge of
continental critical scholarship and literature was recognized early
in his career when, at the age of twenty-eight, he took charge of
the theological department of The Academy,
then newly founded, to which he himself would contribute many
reviews of both British and continental works. Further, in
conjunction with the Theological Translation
Fund Library, he encouraged the translation of noted German
critical works. It is evident from his writings in
The Academy that by 1871 Cheyne had
accepted the hypothesis of K. H. Graf that the Grundschrift
(later known as the priestly code) was post-exilic in origin. In
this Cheyne was probably the first British scholar to accept the
hypothesis. In 1877, while Hebrew lecturer (from 1870 until 1882),
Cheyne proposed that there be a second chair of Hebrew, one
untrammelled by the strictures of the Anglican church, whose
occupant would thus be able to teach a purely historico-critical
interpretation of the Old Testament. This
was consistent with his academic principle, evidenced in his
Book of Isaiah (1870), that ‘a priori
canons of a theological or a philosophical nature’ should be kept
apart from questions of philology (Introduction, xvii).
In his
article `PROFESSOR
CHEYNE' Rev. W. Robertson Nicol one-time editor of the The
Expositor (refer 3rd series, vol. IX 1889 pp. 55-63 -- see
URL below) wrote regarding TKC and the influence of the Academy as
follows:
"His
powerful influence on the general public was exerted through the
Academy, a journal started by Dr. C. E. Appleton, one of
the truest benefactors to English literature in our time.
Appleton, who had been much in Germany, was impressed with the
insularity and poverty of English culture, and set himself, with
heroic confidence in a people yet unawakened, to provide an
organ of criticism, planned on the lines of the Literarisches Centralblatt. Dr. Cheyne became one of his
closest helpers, and organized the theological department into
thorough efficiency ; securing as contributors, not only such
men as Lightfoot and Westcott in this country, but all the
leading theological writers on the Continent, including Diestel,
Lipsius, and many more, ľNot a few who began to study theology
about twenty years •go will never forget the impulse given them
by the Academy, and most of all by the fresh, fearless,
and brilliant criticisms of Dr. Cheyne himself. I do not wish to
"resurrect " articles which the learned author may be inclined
to regard as freaks of youthful audacity. But we learned from
him that the Speaker's Commentary was not a satisfactory
reply to Colenso ; that Dr. Pusey was hardly level with Keil,
while a comparison with Delitzsch was out of the question ; that
even English heresiarchs were of as little account as the most
orthodox. He was the first to expound the Grafian theory of the
Pentateuch, which has engaged scholars so much of late years and
almost broke up a Scotch Church, stating the case for and
against with clearness never surpassed. Meanwhile he was working
his Book of Isaiah Chronologically Arranged
(I871), which led no less a man than Diestel to pronounce him 'a
master of scientific exegesis." (pp.60-61).
1876-1877
TKC was named for
Authorized Version, THE ENGLISH REVISION COMMITTEE.Old Testament
Company:
http://www.bible-researcher.com/ervhistory.html
Cheyne, T. K.
+ Driver, S. R. +
Clarke, R. L.+ Goodwin, Alfred
- 1876 The Holy Bible : containing the Old and New
Testaments. London: George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1876. 1318pp.
Bible. English.
Authorized Version, 1876. translated out of the original tongues and with
the former translations diligently compared and revised by His Majesty's
special command, edited with various renderings and readings form the best
authorities, by T.K. Cheyne, S.R. Driver, R.L. Clarke and Alfred Goodwin.21
cm.
With preface, text in double column format. Known as the "Variorum" edition,
and issued under a variety of titles....
The Encyclopedia Britannica,
9th ed.
1875-1889
The polymath, Biblical scholar and orientalist William Robertson Smith
[= WRS] (1846-1894) was an editorial assistant then editor in chief
(from 1887) of the 9th edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica. He
became well known for his advanced and (for conservatives)
challenging "Bible" and other articles (e.g. "Angels") which precipitated the
loss of his Aberdeen (Free Church) University lectureship in 1881.
He was well-known to TKC though their probably extensive (?)
correspondence has yet to be located, published and studied. See
below 1892...
On WRS see
http://www.gkbenterprises.fsnet.co.uk/wrs.htm
ADD TKC entrIes :
1876 Article
'Circumcision' vol. 5 789-791
:
http://www.cirp.org/library/history/encyclopaediabritannica1876
A sometimes updated electronic reissuing of the 11th ed. of the EB can be accessed at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1911_Britannica
1876
Cheyne, T. K.
1879
Cheyne, T. K.
-
1879
The Christian point of view in the study of the
Bible : a sermon preached in Balliol College Chapel on Trinity Sunday, June
8, 1879. London: E. Faithfull, 13pp. "Printed for private
circulation.".
A Sermon by Cheyne
of the Church of England. "Printed
for private circulation." Copy in Oxf. Univ. Worcester C. WOR Store
XXE.8.2(21).
1875>
The
Expositor
Etching of TKC in the
The Expositor
(3rd series) vol. IX (1889)
Cheyne wrote quite frequently for the Expositor
(London) which ran from its Series 1 (12 vols. 1875-1880)
throughout and beyond his lifetime. The Expositor Series IX
consisted of 4 vols. published between 1924 and 1925 after which it
became The Expositor and Homiletic Review and continued for
several decades. Early volumes of this substantive periodical were
largely devoted to issues within biblical studies and theology. Its
coverage of `Old Testament' subjects and `Higher Criticism' was
significant. Learned, deeply philological articles were quite frequent.
URL : For some details see
EXPOSITOR-TKC.htm
URL
: Article
`PROFESSOR CHEYNE' by Rev. W.
Robertson Nicol (one-time editor of the The Expositor ) printed
in 3rd series, vol. IX (1889 )pp. 55-63.
1880
Cheyne, T. K.
- Article[s] in `The Clergyman's Magazine', vol. 10-11 (1880)
London:
Hodder & Stoughton, pp. ?? CHECK
`The Clergyman's Magazine' was published in
London from 1875 when vol. 1 appeared.
1880-1
Rev. T. K. Cheyne
Cheyne, T. K.
- 1881 `THE
LIBRARY OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD' in Notes and
Queries. s6-III (1881) pp. 61-62.
See
http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/s6-III/56/61
1880-1881
3rd
ed. 1884
 
Rev. Cheyne, T. K.
1880 The Prophecies of
Isaiah. 2 vols.
-
The
Prophecies of Isaiah, a New Translation with Commentary and Appendices, in two
volumes.
London: C. Kegan Paul , Trench and Co. 1880-1: First edition HB.
5th rev. ed. London : Kegan Paul , Trench and Co. 1889
- The
Prophecies of Isaiah... NY: Thomas Whittaker, 1888.
See Review of `The Prophecies of Isaiah' in the `New Englander and
Yale review', Vol. 44, Issue 185 (March 1885) =
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?ncpsbib:2:./temp/~ammem_bZpl::
1881-1918/19
The Christian Commonwealth
Nos.1-1941
were published in London from 20th Oct.1881 until 25th Dec.1918
This
ultimately Church of England magazine continued as The
Christian Commonwealth and Brotherhood World
from January 1st 1919 (issue No.1942) through to no. 1980 on
24th Sept. 1919 when it appears to have discontinued. It
is described in the British Library Newspaper Catalogue as an
"Organ of the World-wide Progressive Movement in Religion and
Social Ethics".
Cheyne
appears to have been one of the editors and occasionally contributed to the
Christian Commonwealth. His early openness to Baha'i
perspectives is registered therein as are certain of his
communications with the Baha'i leader `Abdu'l-Baha ... ADD
In October 1901 Albert Dawson (
), a member of the City Temple, became editor of the Christian Commonwealth.
The Baha'i leader
Shoghi Effendi (d. 1957) in his 1944 book God Passes
By wrote:
"Among those
who called on Him [`Abdu'l-Baha] during the memorable days He
spent in England and Scotland were the Reverend Archdeacon
Wilberforce, the Reverend R. J. Campbell ... Mr. Albert Dawson,
editor of the Christian Commonwealth, Mr. David Graham Pole,
Mrs. Annie Besant, Mrs. Pankhurst, and Mr. Stead, who had long
and earnest conversations with Him..." (GPB: 285).
"Many of those around the Baha’i Movement were familiar with
Liberal Christianity prior to and concurrent with, their
involvement with Baha’ism. The role of the Christian
Commonwealth and [Reginald
John]
Campbell [1867-
1956]
in both causes cannot be underestimated. ‘Abdu’l Baha attended
the Liberal Christian’s International Congress of Religions in
Paris in 1913, as did Tagore and Jayatilaka. The Christian
Commonwealth (July 16th, 1913) reported “if a
universal religion is possible or desirable, it is to be
achieved through the labours of such men as these as much as by
the labours of the distinguished Western scholars who met in
Paris today” (from the unpublished Ph.D thesis of Lil Abdo).
See also
http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/jwmcgarvey/sebc/SEBC030.HTM
MICAH 1st ed. 1882
Series: Cambridge Bible for schools and colleges
Cheyne, T.K.
- 1882 Micah : with notes and introduction. Cambridge: CUPress. HBk. 64+8+15pp. Many reprints...
- 1895 Micah (Cambridge Bible)
with Notes & Introduction. Cambridge: CUP.
71 pp. Hbk
- 1902 MICAH with Notes &
Introduction Cambridge: CUP., 1902. HBk. 61pp. + Index + adds.
HOSEA 1st ed. 188[2]4]
Series: Cambridge Bible for schools and colleges
Gen. ed. J. J. Perowne
ADD
-
1882 Hosea, with Notes and Introduction Cambridge: CUP. HBk. 12+132+6+7pp.]
DATE?
-
1884 The Cambridge Bible
for Schools and Colleges. Hosea, with Notes and Introduction
Cambridge University Press, 1884 HBk.
1st ed. A volume in the series 'The Cambridge
Bible for Schools & Colleges'. The Book of Hosea, first among the Minor
Prophets, with introduction and copious notes. 132pp. Or blue cloth. Many
reprints e.g. 1892 +1897+1905+ 1906...
1883-5
The Pulpit
Commentary.
ed. Rev. Canon H. D. M. Spence M.A. and the Rev. Joseph S.
Excell, M.A... The whole commentary was
published by: Funk &
Wagnalls in the 1890s in 77 vols, spanning 26,000
pages....
 
Rev. T. K.
Cheyne, M.A., Rector of Tendering, and late fellow of Balliol College
Oxford.
-
(Exposition) Jeremiah,
Jeremiah-Lamentations. 2 vols. London: Kegan Paul,
Trench & Co. 1883-1885.
-
Vo1.1.
1883 Covers Jeremiah chs. I-XXIX. Introduction, pp. i-xix
Exposition and Homiletics 596pp. + Homiletical Index, pp. i-viii.
-
Vol. 2.
1885 Covers Jeremiah-Lamentations: Jeremiah chs. XXIX-LII.
322 pp. Homiletical Index, pp. i-v +
-
+
Introduction to Lamentations, pp. i-viii -Exposition and Homiletecs
91pp. + Homiletical Index, pp. i-viii.
-
These 2
massive vols. include introductions and detailed Exposition by Cheyne as
well as Homiletical sections by Rev. W.F. Adeney, M.A. They have
been many times reprinted and are now available on CD Rom and in an
electronic reprint by Logos software: http://www.logos.com/products/details/2077
1883
 
Cheyne Rev. T.K.:
-
1883
The
Book of Psalms. Translated by the Rev., T.K. Cheyne M.A. London: Kegan Paul,
Trench & Co, 1883 HB-Cloth. Gilt Top Edge, 1883.xxix+256 pp. Pages 215-257 have the heading `Explanations or textual
and exegetical Notes'. Pages 256-7 includes the heading `List of passages
involving Corrections of the Text not otherwise indicated'
-
See 1888 + 1905 and cf. 1887 below.
1884
Cheyne, T. K.
-
-
`On Genesis I., 1-3' in Hebraica (Univ. Chicago Press),
vol. 2 (1884?), p.116.
-
`The Messianic Element in the Psalms' in The Old
Testament Student vol. 3 No. 6 (Feb., 1884), 196-200.
1885
THE
OLD TESTAMENT STUDENT
The Old
Testament Student. 1885. contains an article extracted `From the University
Sermon preached at St. Mary's, March 15, 1885' by TKC
of the `Rectory of Tendring, Colchester, England' entitled, 'Jewish
Interpretation of Prophecy' (pp.421-424). Among other things this piece
contains an important reference to `Babism' (= the Babi-Baha'i religion)
which illustrates TKC's early knowledge of this Faith during the lifetime of
Baha'u'llah its founder, the successor to the Bab whose rel;igion was
widely referred to as Babism ( often also conflated with the Baha'i Faith or
religion):
JEWISH
INTERPRETATION OF PROPHECY.1
BY T. K. CHEYNE, D. D.,
Rectory oť Tendring՝, Colchester, England.
I will not attempt a Præparaíio Evangelica on a large scale,
and will leave on •one side the claimants of Messiahship, whose .history
would form an interesting •chapter in a Christian apologia. Far be it from
me to judge them, or to pretend to have sounded a deep psychological
problem. Nor will I do more than indicate the deep and prophetic
dissatisfaction with Judaism expressed in the Cabbalistic movement. The
points of contact with Christianity in the Cabbala are 'undeniable ; the
movemant itself is natural, and deserves sad, respectful sympathy, but it
stands apart from the regular development of Jewish thought. The same remark
applies to the Jewish movement in Persia towards Bàbism, the most modern
outburst of nominally Mohammedan mysticism and, as you probably know, not
•without Christian affinities. And I must not attempt on this occasion to
estimate the results of the preaching of Christian missionaries, and of the
circulation of the New Testament, in various parts of the Jewish world. I
will only quote two significant sayings, the one from an English, the other
from a Russian Jew. The former, an intelligent inquirer, has reached this
point, that " Christ may, indeed must, have been more than human ; but
between this concession and Deity (he says) there is an infinite gulf." The
other, a devout man, well read in the Old .and New Testaments, said,
"although I am still far from believing Jesus to be the Son of God, yet I
consider him my mediator with God," and I often say in •my prayers, " This
for the sake of Jesus of Nazareth," (that is, not for the sake of the
inferior merits of the Jewish " fathers "). Such persons seem on the point
of reviving a primitive Judaeo-Christianity : dare we hinder them ? Are we
sure that the Hellenized theology of the Church of the Councils is not
partly responsible for Jewish unbelief ? I do not wish to see the Christian
religion de-Hellenized ; even for the Jews themselves a Hebraizing
Christianity could perhaps only be a halting-point. The doctrine of the
Logos, in its essence, is the postulate, not •only of a deep historical
philosophy, but of a complete Christian experience. It has yet to be proved
that this conception is inconsistent with the Theism of the Hebrew prophets.
But there is no doubt that the mental habits of a Jew almost •compel him to
think that it is. He interprets the prophets by the light of the Sh'mā,
forgetting that the great prophets were not preoccupied with the
monotheistic idea of Deuteronomy, forgetting the El-gibbor of the first
Messianic prophecy. While the prejudices of Judaism are what they are, is
not a Judæo-Christian church a necessity ? In the earliest times the Gentile
Christians received their directions from Jerusalem ; must the Jewish
Christians in our time be dictated to by Leipsic or Canterbury? Such is the
question which, during the past year, has been practically answered in the
negative in the South Russian province of Bessarabia. I should have no
excuse for not devoting a few moments to this....
ı From the University Sermon preached at St. Mary's, March 15, 1885.
I am grateful
to Amin Egea for locating this article...
1895>
Driver, S.R.; T. K.
Cheyne, and William Sanday eds.
- Studia Biblica
et Ecclesiastica: Essays in Biblical and Patristic Criticism / Archaeology & Criticism and
Kindred Subjects 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendion
Press, .1895>1891?
- Vol III =1891 325pp...
- 2004 New reprint edition. ISBN 1592445063. / ISBN:1592445063 PBk.
1598pp. previously published by Oxford University Press,
[from] 1885.
- Cheyne edited but did not write anything in vols. I-III....
1887
 
Cheyne, Rev. T. K.
- 1887 Job and Solomon, or The Wisdom of the Old Testament. NY: Thomas Whittaker, HC
Brown Boards. 5-3/4x 8-3/4. 309 pp. Index, Notes, floral endpapers. Contains a
Preface (pp. vii-ix) a Table of Contents (pp. xi-xiii) and an Introduction `
How is the Old Testament related to Christianity?' (pp. 1-9 = An
address originally delivered to "the Church Congress held in Reading [Berks.
U.K.] in October 1883).
- 2005 (Rep.) Job and Solomon: or The Wisdom of the Old Testament.
XXX: Wipf and Stock. ISBN:
1597521515
Cheyne, T. K.,
- `Notes on [add Hebrew] ....' in Hebraica (Univ.
Chicago Press), vol. 3 No. 3 (April 1887), 175-6.
- `On Job. III.14 ......' in Hebraica (Univ. Chicago
Press), vol. 4 (1887),123
1888
Cheyne, T. K., Driver, S. R.
Clarke, R. L. Sanday, W.
-
1888 The Holy Bible : containing the Old and New Testaments:
translated out of the original tongues; and with the former translations
diligently compared and revised, by His Majesty's special command.
-
One of the
prefaces dated 1888. Indexed atlas to the Holy Bible included at end. Oxford
Univ.: Harris Coll. HMC Tate GA26 BIB 06.04.04.
St Anne's ANN Main Libr 220.5 BIB (1611) rj...
1888
 
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1888 The
Hallowing of Criticism: Nine Sermons on Elijah preached in Rochester
Cathederal, with an Essay Read at the Church Congress, Manchester,
October 2nd 1888.
London: Hodder and Stoughton,1888. HBk. Dedication : `To My
Wife who, in more senses than one, has travelled with me in the
Psalmists' and Elijah's Land, this Book, which is her own, is
Dedicated'. Preface dated September 14th 1888. pp. vii-x.
181pp.+Appendix = `To what extent should the results of Historical
and Scientific Criticism, especially of the Old Testament, be
recognized in Sermons and Teaching?', pp.183-207.
1888
 
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1888 The
Book of Psalms or the Praises of Israel.
NY: Thomas Whittaker, 1888 HBk.
-
1888 The
Book of Psalms or the Praises of Israel.
London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co. 1888 HBk. Introduction, pp. i-xvii,
pp. 1-406 Annotated translation.
This volume if
Dedicated to
: "PROF. FRANZ
DELITZSCH
IN ADMIRATION OF NOBLE SERVICES TO SCHOLARSHIP AND THE
CHURCH AND IN GRATITUDE FOR THE PRIVILEGE OF HIS FRIENDSHIP"
Cheyne, T. K. (ed)
-
The
Book of Psalms London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., No Date. Black leather
HBk. 257pp. Approx. 4 by 6" CHECK..
-
See
below 1905 for a replacement 2nd edition. cf. 1883 and 1888.
1888
Jeremiah, His Life and Times
A WORK IN THE 17 VOLUME SERIES `MEN OF THE BIBLE, THEIR
LIVES AND TIMES'
[DEDICATED] TO
PROF. EBERHARD SCHRADER, AUTHOR OF “THE CUNEIFORM
INSCRIPTIONS AND THE OLD TESTAMENT,”
A FOREMOST PUPIL
OF EWALD AND PIONEER OF ASSYRIOLOGY, AS A MEMORIAL
OF PLEASANT PERSONAL INTERCOURSE IN FORMER DAYS.
"JEREMIAH is one of the central figures of
an exciting period which has to be reconstructed by a combined effort of
criticism and imagination. It is nearly twenty years since I first began to
prepare for a commentary on Jeremiah, and since then the book and its author
have retained an interest for me. The exposition in the “Pulpit Commentary”
(1883—1885) is a most fragmentary realization of my original plan, and I was
glad to take up the pen once more. In the summer of 1887 I preached a course
of sermons on Jeremiah in Rochester Cathedral, similar to a course which I
have printed on Elijah 1 [= fn.1 "The Hallowing of Criticism",
Hodder and Stoughton,1888]’ These sermons are the germ of the present
volume.
In these two biographies I have entered on a
field which is new to me—the literary and yet critical treatment of those
Old Testament narratives which from my childhood I have loved. With
faltering steps I have sought to follow Arthur Stanley, who regarded it as
his mission “so to delineate the outward events of the Old and New
Testament, as that they should come home with a new power to those who by
long familiarity have almost ceased to regard them as historical at all.” It
is hoped that this volume may be an appropriate companion to Dr. Driver’s
critical and yet both reverent and popular study on the Life and Times of
Isaiah.
I regret that,
since Deuteronomy had to be brought in at all hazards, it was impossible to
discuss the question of the text of Jeremiah, that of the arrangement of the
prophecies, or that of the origin of Jer. x. 1—16, and (see p. 168) 1., li.
I should now probably modify what I have written on these subjects in
[viii ]
the “Encyclopedia Britannica” (art. “Jeremiah“), and in the “Pulpit
Commentary,” and should have to discuss them in connexion with the larger
question of the method of the editor of Jeremiah, who, I suspect, dealt more
freely with his material (yet not so as to injure its true prophetic
inspiration) than some of the other editors of the prophecies. I have
thought it best on this occasion not to assume more than the most assured
results of criticism. The reader must make allowance for the narrow limits
prescribed to the volumes of this series. The Book of Jeremiah itself is
full of exegetical interest; the character of Jeremiah is a fascinating
psychological problem; the times of Jeremiah are among the most important in
Old Testament history. On each of these subjects I have tried to throw some
light from various sources, and at the same time to kindle in the reader
that same reverential sympathy which I hope I feel myself for this great
prophet. [pp.vii-viii]"
Sept. 18,
1888.
Cheyne, Rev. Canon T.K. 1888
- Men of the
Bible. Jeremiah: His Life & Times. New York: Fleming H. Revell,
Cloth. 205pp.
- + Fleming H. Company, nd, 205pp, red HB.
ISBN: LC04009181
- London: Wilkes and Co. c. 1888? 205pp.
Orange Cloth.
- [1888] Jeremiah: His Life and Times. James
Nisbet & Co. Nd. HB. Brown Cloth. HB. 205pp.
- Jeremiah: His Life and Times. NY: Anson D. F. Randolph ND, CA 1900.
HB, Brown Cloth.
- Jeremiah: His Life and Times. London 5th. c.1900. Men of the Bible series. G+.
1889 [1891] Bampton lectures
 
Cheyne, T.K.
- 1891 The Origin and
Religious Contents of the Psalter in the light of Old Testament
criticism and the history of religions with an introduction and
appendices : eight lectures, New York: Thomas Whittaker,
xxviii, 517 pp. ; 22 cm. Spine title = The origin of the Psalter
rep. 1892...
Preached by Thomas Kelly Cheyne before the University of Oxford in
the year 1889 on the foundation of the late Rev. John Bampton, M.A.,
Canon of Salisbury (= "The Bampton lectures, 1889")
Includes subject index and index of passages cited from biblical and
ancient sources.
In these lectures TKC dates all the Psalms except Psalm 18 to the
post-exilic period.
Cheyne, T.K.
- 1891 The
Origin and Religious Contents of the Psalter in the light of Old Testament
Criticism and the History of Religions. London: Kegan Paul Trench
Trubner. xxxviii, 517 pp.
22 cm.
1891
Cheyne, T. K.
-
Ancient Beliefs in Immortality. A reply to Mr. Gladstone. Judaism,
Zoroastrianism, etc. article in
The Nineteenth Century, December 1891. 18pp.
-
`Possible Zoroastrian Influence on the
Religion of Israel' in Expository Times Vol. 2 No. 9 (1891), pp.
202-208.
1891
 
Cheyne, T.K.
1892
Cheyne, T. K.
Introduction and Additional Notes by T. K. Cheyne
to :
William Robertson Smith
1892
 
Cheyne, T. K.
- 1892 : Aids to the
Devout Study of Criticism. Pt. I. The David Narratives Part II. The Book of
Psalms. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1892. Hbk. Preface + Table of
Contents' = v-viii +397pp.
1st ed. 1893
 
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1893 : Founders of Old Testament Criticism: Biographical, Descriptive, and Critical
Studies. London: Methuen & Co. 1893 Cloth Bound. Gilt Spine. First
Edition. 8vo. Original brown cloth lettered in gold. Spine and cover ruled in
gold. xi + 372 pp. 21cm.
-
An important and highly regarded book detailing many
important aspects and figures in the genesis of Biblical criticism. Cheyne
himself had studied in Gottingen (Germany) with Georg Heinrich August Ewald
(1803-75) a giant in 19th century biblical scholarship who not only
published a Hebrew grammar (1827) but also an Arabic grammar (1831-1833) and
a work on Sanskrit poetry. Like Ewald Cheyne maintained a lifelong respect
for academic biblical scholarship or criticism which he felt did not
threaten biblical studies but enabled the exegete to fathom its depths more
adequately.
-
1971 Reprint. Jerusalem: Raritas, ix, 372
pp.
-
2003 Reprint. XXXX: Wipf and Stock Publishers.,
1592443788,
382pp.
___________________
Cheyne, T. K.
- `Mr. Charles Edition of the
Book of Enoch' in Expository Times Vol. 4 No. 11 (1893), pp. 507-9.
1895
Cheyne, T.K.:
- 1895 `The Archaeological
Stage of Old Testament Criticism’. An article in the Contemporary
Review, 1895 (octavo). 14 pp.
Cheyne, T.K.:
-
Articles in the
Rev. John McClintock and James Strong 1881 ? /1895 (1st ed). Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and
Ecclesiastical Literature.
12
vols. Harper & Brothers 1881 // CHECK
containing some 31,000 articles. Rep. 1969, 1980s.. etc (now on CD
Rom).
-
`Tower of Babel'
?? CHECK
1895
  
Cheyne, Rev. T. K.
Cheyne, T. K. 1897 = German trans.
- 1897 Einleitung in das Buch Jesaja. Deutsche šbersetzung unter durchg„ngiger
Mitwirkung des Verfassers hrsg. von Julius B”hmer. XVI,408 Seiten, Leinen (J.
Rickersche 1897) unaufgeschnitten.
1897 German.
Cheyne, T. K. [ Böhmer, Julius] (Hrsg.)
- Einleitung in das Buch Jesaja. Deutsche Übersetzung unter durchgängiger
Mitwirkung des Verfassers. hrsg. von Julius Böhmer. XVI, 408 Seiten, Leinen (J.
Rickersche 1897) unaufgeschnitten. xvi +24 pp. (Forward) + 408pp ( = Text).
- Einleitung in das Buch Jesaja.
Giessen: Ricker, 1897. Dt. Übers. v. Julius Böhmer. xvi+24+ 408 pp.
THE POLYCHROME
BIBLE
(1891 [3]-1904)
"The Sacred
Books of the Old Testament; a critical edition of the Hebrew text printed in
colors, with notes prepared by eminent Biblical scholars of Europe and
America"
The Polychrome Bible
project (initiated by Haupt in 1891) was designed to be a complete
critical edition and translation of the books of the Hebrew Bible
incorporating newly translated, annotated critical editions of these books
with source-critical possibilities or literary strata shown in different
colors. Leading 19th century specialists in the Hebrew Bible worked on
different biblical books under the editorship of Paul Haupt (1858-1928)
professor of Semitic Languages at Gottingen (Germany) and John Hopkins
University (USA). The Polychrome Bible project , it seems, was never
completed although volumes appeared during the decade 1893 and 1904. They
were variously published in Germany (Leipzig : Hinrichs/ Stuttdart: Deutsche
Verlang s-Anstalt), England (London: James Clarke & Co.) and the USA (New
York: Dog, Mead and Company).
Examples, including
Cheyne's vol. 10 (see below) are :
- Vol. 1. The Book of Genesis, by C. J.
Ball.
- Vol. 3 The Book of Leviticus, by S.R.
Driver and H. A. White.
- Vol. 6. The Book of Joshua, by W. H.
Bennett.
- Vol. 7. The Book of Judges,by G. F.
Moore.
- Vol. 8. The Books of Samuel, by K.
Budde.
- Vol. 10. The Book of Isaiah, by T.K.
Cheyne.
- Vol. 11. The Book of Jeremiah, by C.
H. Cornill.
- Vol. 12. The Book of Ezekiel, by C. H.
Toy.
- Vol. 14. The Book of Psalms, by J.
Wellhausen.
- Vol. 17. The Book of Job, by C.
Siegfried.
- Vol. 18. The Book of Daniel, by A.
Kamphausen.
- Vol. 20. The Books of Chronicles, by
R. Kittel.
 
Rev. Cheyne, T. K., M.A. D.D.
-
1898 The Book of Isaiah,
A New English Translation printed in colors exhibiting the Composite
structure of the Book (With Explanatory Notes and Pictorial
Illustrations). London: James Clarke [Polychrome Bible], 1898. xii 215pp
illus.
Polychrome Isaiah USA Ed. 1899
 
1897
ADD SCAN
Cheyne, T. K.
- `The Book of Psalms, its origin, and its relation to
Zoroastrianism', in Semitic Studies in Memory of Rev. Dr.
A. Kohut. Berlin, 1897, pp. XXX-XXX.
- `Possible Zoroastrian Influences on the Religion of Israel' in
Expository Times vol. II (18XX) nos. 9 (pp.202-9), 10 (pp.
224-8) and 11 (pp. 248-254).
- `Gratz's Corrections of the text of Job' in Jewish
Quarterly Review Vol. 10 No. 1 (October 1897), p. 184.
1st ed. 1898
Rev. T K Cheyne, MA. DD.
1898
- Jewish Religious Life After The Exile. N.Y. / New York City : G. P. Putman's Sons, 1898. Maroon
boards.
Maroon Cloth, gilt titles. 22+270+1(ad) pp. American Lectures on the History of
Religions. Third Series- 1897-1898. 269pp. Cloth. First American Edition. 8vo -
over 7 " - 9 " tall. xx + 270pp + 4pp ads.
Jewish
Religious Life after the Exile.
G. P. Putnam 1898. 5.75 X 8.5 NDJ 270 Pages. 1st ed. .
Jewish Religious Life After The
Exile. New York and
London: The Knickerbocker Press, 1898. Hb. Pages cut roughly.
- Jewish
Religious Life After the Exile - American Lectures on the History of Religion -
3rd Series.
New York: G P Putnam, 1901 gilt cloth embossed cloth, 290 pp.
`Description of Jewish
social and religious life, customs, belief after exile to Babylon and Prior to
and after the return of the nation under the leadership of Nehemiah and Ezra.
Also deals with religious development, varieties of Jewish wisdom, Orthodox and
Heretical wisdom, Levitical piety, Judaism's power to attract foreigners, its
higher theology, its relation to Greece, Persia, and Babylon...'
1905 (German trans.)
Cheyne, T.K.,1905 (German trans.)
- Das
religiöse Leben der Juden nach dem Exil.
Deutsche Übersetzung unter
durchgängiger Mitwirkung des Verfassers vonH. Stocks. Gießen, Alfred. Töpelmann 1905. Zweite Ausgabe. XII, 262, (2) pp.
- Das religiöse Leben der Juden nach dem Exil. Deutsche Übersetzung
unter durchgängiger Mitwirkung des Verfassers von H. Gießen, A. Töpelmann
1905. Zweite Ausgabe. XII, 262,(2) pp.
Cheyne, T.K.,
- `Gleanings of Biblical Criticism and Geography'
Jewish Quarterly Review vol. 10. No. 4 (July, 1898), 565-583.
- `Dr. Torrey on the Edomites; Journal of Biblical
Literatutre, Vol 17 No. 2 (1898),
1899
Cheyne, T.K.,
- 'Notes on the Hebrew words ADD and ADD' in Proceedings of the Society
of Biblical Archaeology 21 (1899), 246.
- `Some Critical Difficulties in the Chapters on
Balaam' in The Expository Times vol. 10 No. 9 (1899), 399-402.
1899-1901 (4vols. 1st
edition).
Cheyne, T.K & J. S. Black, eds. 1899-1903.
-
Encyclopædia Biblica. 4 Vols., London, 1899-1903.
Cheyne, T K & Sutherland
Black, J
-
Encyclopaedia Biblica A Critical dictionary of The Literary Political And
Religious History The Archaeology Geography And The Natural History Of The
bible. Adam & Charles Black 1899. 1st edition. 4to. 4 vols in 4 complete.
Vol I A - D 1899 xxvipp + 1142 cols + 1 double page colour map and 2 bw maps
in text. Vol II E - K 1901 (8)pp + 1145 - 2688 colomns + 1 double page
colour map + 8 colour maps + 5 bw maps in text. Vol III L - P 1902 xvpp,
(1)pp, 2690 - 3987 columns + 5 colour maps + 2 bw maps in text. Vol IV
xxxiipp, 3989 - 5443 columns + 2 double page colour map + 2 colour maps + 1
bw maps in text. Green blind stamped cloth, gilt lettering and device on
front and spine.
-
Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the
Literary, Political and Religious History, The Archaeology, Geography and
Natural History of the Bible. London, A&C Black, 1914. Large 8vo.
xxxii+5,444 columns. India paper ed. 1/2 leather binding. Contributors include Kamphausen, Socin, Conder, E. Meyer,
G. A. Smith, Usener, Winckler, J.G. Frazer, Jastrow, et al. .....
- Encyclopaedia Biblica a Dictionary of the Bible Vol. I Adam & Charles Black Hard Cover. 4to - over 9¾" - 12" tall. Green decorative
cover, gold wording on cover.
Rep. 2003
Encyclopædia Biblica. 4 Vols., London, 1899-1903.
Reprinted from the 1899-1903 edition published by Adam and Charles Black.
Bristol, Tokyo: Thoemmes : Edition Synapse, 2003. ISBN 1843710676;
4901481428.
CWR- Etana - Digitized version of the Encyclopedia Biblica (
4 URLs):
-
http://www.cwru.edu/UL/preserve/Etana/encyl_biblica_q-z/encyl_biblica_q-z.html
URL:
Entries in the
Encyclopedia Biblica by TKC
In his article about TKC in the recent (1999) Dictionary of Biblical Interpretation, John Day writes as
follows :
"C[heyne] edited with J. Black
the four volumes of the Encyclopaedia Biblica (1899—1903) to which he
contributed many articles. In general a fine piece of work, it exhibits,
however, the beginnings of the wild and bizarre notions that were to
dominate C.’s work after 1900. Expanding the notion of the German
scholar H. WINCKLER [1863-1913] that Mizraim in the H[ebrew] B[ible] is
often the name of a north Arabian kingdom of Muṣri rather than Egypt, as
had previously been supposed, C. came to the view that Mizraim in the HB
regularly denotes this postulated north Arabian kingdom. He believed
that it was from this kingdom that the Israelites were delivered in the
exodus. Near Muṣri, in the Negeb, there dwelt the Ishmaelite tribe of
the Jerahmeelites, who (C. claimed) also worshiped a god called
Jerahmeel. In the MT the Jerahmeelites are mentioned only a few times;
C., however, produced vast numbers of textual emendations in order to
find allusions to them all through the HB. He saw Jerahmeel and the
neighboring kingdoms as the seat of hostility to the Jews. He claimed
that they were the object of complaint in many of the psalms and also
believed that the bulk of the exiles went to north Arabia rather than to
Babylon" (DBI:177).
It was TKC's espousal and
championing of the 'Jerahmeelite theory' that led to his being widely
criticized during the last fifteen years or so of his life.
Select Reviews
:
DAVISON, William
Theophilus. 1901.
Christ and
Modern Criticism. A review of the second volume of the “Encyclopædia
Biblica” edited by T. K. Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black. Reprinted
from the “London Quarterly Review.”). (pp. 24.) Charles H. Kelly:
London, [1901.]
Review in
Journal of Theological Studies vol. vi No.2 (190X) pp. 151ff.
1897-9
Jewish
Quarterly Review
(Claude) "Montefiore expressed 'the hope that our
magazine ... may be the means of securing to the subject and the method
(both critical and religious!) of Professor Cheyne some Jewish followers
and disciples.' (JQR 1 (1889), 2)
Cheyne, T.K.
- `Note on Sirach L. 9' in Jewish
Quarterly Review 12 (1899-1900), 554.
- `Ecclus. xi.19', in Jewish Quarterly Review
10 (1897-1898), 13-17.
1st. 1899
 
Cheyne, T. K.
-
1899 The Christian Use of the Psalms, with Essays on the Proper
Psalms in the Anglican Prayer Book. London: ISBISTER & CO LTD, 1899 HB. Cloth.
273pp. + Adds.
-
Dedicated `To my Wife the Partner of my toils and
Interests'.
1900
Cheyne, T. K.
1901
Cheyne, T. K.
1904-5
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1904
The Book of Psalms, Translated from a revised text
with Notes and Introduction. In place
of a second edition of an earlier work (1888) by the same author. 2
vols. London: Kegan Paul, Trubner & Co. Ltd. Dryden House, Gerrard
Street, W. 1904.
1903-4
  
Cheyne, T. K. D. Litt. D.D.
1903
- Critica Biblica or critical notes on
the text of the Old Testament writings [Part I - Isaiah and Jeremiah].
PBk. Adam and Charles Black London,
England 1903. Seperate fasciles sold seperately and published first...
- 1904 Critica Biblica or critical notes
on the text of the Old Testament writings.
HBk. London: A&C [= Adam and Charles] Black London,
England pp.492. Green Cloth, Gold Lettering. This above copy was
originally presented by the author to Mansfield College, Oxford.
1904
 
Cheyne, T. K.
-
1904
Bible Problems and the New Material for
Their Solution-a Plea for Thoroughness of Investigation Addressed to
Churchmen and Scholars. London: Williams & Norgate, 1904 Hard Cover. No Djk . First English Edition. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾"
tall. Crown Theological Library, Volume 8. Blue cloth cover and spine 271p p.
-
1904 Bible Problems
And The New Material For Their Solution... New York: Putnam
1904. 271pp. "A plea for thoroughness of investigation addressed to
churchmen and
scholars". Crown Theological Library Series. 271 pp.
1905
 
1905 (= MCMV) [The Dryden Library]
The Book of Psalms
Translated by T.K.
Cheyne D.Litt. D.D... London:
Kegan Paul,
Trench, Trubner & Co. Dryden House,
Gerrard
Street, W. pp.i-xxviii + 1-257.
"This
edition contains the boxed note `THE BOOK OF PSALMS translated from a
revised Text, with Notes and Introduction in place of a Second Edition
of an earlier work (1888) by the same author Rev. CANON T. K. Cheyne D.
Litt. D.D. 2 vols. Demv. 8vo 16s each".
See 1888 (cf. 1888. 1904).
1905
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1905 `A
Dark passage in Isaiah' in Zeitschrift A Wissenschaft 25 (1905), 172.
-
1905 `An appeal for the reconsideration of some testing
biblical passages' (Recent Theological Literature) in American Journal
of Theology Vol. IX No.2 (April, 1905), pp. ADD-ADD.
1907
Smith, W. Robertson
(introduction & notes by T. K. Cheyne)
-
The Prophets of Israel & Their Place in
History to the Close of the Eight Century B.C.
Rep. London Adam & Charles Black 1907
-
2nd edition London: A & C Black 1912, lviii, 446 pp.
1907
 
Cheyne T.K.
1908
 
Cheyne, T. K.
1911
Cheyne, T. K.
1912
 
Cheyne, T. K.
1913
 
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1913
The Veil of Hebrew History, A Further Attempt
to Lift it. Adam and Charles Black, 1913 HBk. xiv+158pp.
Preface dated Advent 1912. Dedication to:
`TO MY DEAR PUPIL,
FRIEND, AND NOW SUCCESSOR GEORGE ALBERT
COOKE AUTHOR OF NORTH SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS AND
TO ALL FREE-MINDED AND YOUNG-HEARTED SCHOLARS OF THE HEAVILY BURDENED BUT
GREATLY HONOURED TWENTIETH CENTURY'.
Another attempt by TKC to justify and expound his `North Arabian'
hypothesis.
1914
 
Cheyne, T.K.
-
1914
Fresh Voyages on Unfrequented Waters. London:
Adam & Charles Black, 1914. Green Cloth. Hardcover. Tall 8vo. 22cm.
xxii, 176pp.
-
Dedicated to Elizabeth Gibson Cheyne: `To my Dear Wife
whom I venture to rename Madonna Lucia because Light beams from her as from
Dante's Lucia and because of foes of Light fly from her'. Prefaced also with
an apt citation from the Gitanjali, xxxvii, of the Bengali poet
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941):
I
THOUGHT that my voyage had
come to its end at the
last
limit of my power,—that the path before me was
closed, that provisions were exhausted
and the time come
to take
shelter in silent obscurity.
But I
find that thy will knows no end in me; and
when
old words die on the tongue, new melodies break
forth
from the heart; and where the old tracks are lost,
new
country is revealed with its wonders.
(From
GITANJALI, xxxvii.)
[cited Fresh Voyages, p. vii]
The Prologue (pp. xiii-xxii) to Fresh Voyages
again argues for the 'N.Arabian hypothesis' -- as does the rest of
this volume --and concludes: `Oxford, January, 1914'
which was one year and one month before Cheyne's death. Unlike the Reconciliation.. (see below) this somewhat tired volume is not
so much a `Fresh Voyage' as something of a continuing biblical studies
`Shipwreck'.
1914
Nevill, Florence.
1914
The Reconciliation of Races and Religions
Cheyne, T. K. ,
Dedicated
to Cheyne's second wife, Elizabeth Gibson Cheyne:
To my dear wife in whose poems are
combined an ardent faith, an universal charity, and a simplicity
of style which sometimes reminds me of the poet seer William
Blake may she accept and enjoy the offering and may a like
happiness be my lot when the little volume reaches the hands of
the ambassador of peace [ = `Abd al-Baha'].
-
Copy in Oxford Univ. Harris Coll. HMC Carpenter OA10
CHE 29.06.02.
-
-
2004 The
Reconciliation of Races and Religions. Boston, Mass.,:
IndyPublish.Com Hbk. ISBN: 1414219393. 128pp. +Pbk. ISBN:
1414219407. Spiritless modern reprints...
![[book]](http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/01UnZcK9IvL._PIsitb-st-arrow,TopRight,11,-14_OU01_.jpg)
Electronic Reprints =
 
THE RECONCILIATION OF RACES AND RELIGIONS
BY
THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE, D. LITT., D. D.
FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY, MEMBER OF THE NAVA VIDHAN (LAHORE), THE
BAHAI COMMUNITY, ETC. RUHANI; PRIEST OF THE PRINCE OF PEACE
To my dear wife in whose poems are combined an ardent faith, an
universal charity, and a simplicity of style which sometimes reminds
me of the poet seer William Blake may she accept and enjoy the
offering and may a like happiness be my lot when the little volume
reaches the hands of the ambassador of peace [= `Abdu'l-Baha' (1844-1921)]
PREFACE
The primary aim of this work is twofold. It would fain contribute to
the cause of universal peace, and promote the better understanding of ....
A particularly insightful and biographically informative review of TKC's
The Reconcilation of Races and Religions is that of the
Biblical scholar Crawford Howell Toy (1836-1919) in volume IX No. 1 (January
1916) of the Harvard Theological Review (pp.1-6). We learn from
this review that TKC "was in intimate relations with the founder of
the Bahaist Movement [=Baha'-Allah] and with his son [=`Abd al-Baha']" and that "He held
that peace among nations could be secured only through religious union. Each
of the great religions of the present day, he thought, might learn from the
others, and a common faith would make all men brothers. Though he affirmed
the superiority of the founder of Christianity to all other religious
teachers, he seems to have been especially attracted by Bahau'llah and his
formulation of religious truth—"one God, and he a God of love.".
One is led to
wonder whether TKC might have directly or indirectly encountered Baha'-Allah
during an early, 1888 visit, "too brief visit to Palestine" (? see TKC
`Thoughts' in The Expositor 3rd series vol. VIII 1888
p.232).
Miscellaneous Bahā'ī
materials.
A LETTER
OF T. K. CHEYNE TO `ABD AL-BAHĀ' (1844-1921) THE THEN HEAD OF THE BAHĀ'Ī
RELIGION.
Allaho’Abha!
1
Oxford, Oct. 23, 1913
To Abdul-Baha,
My Beloved Friend and Guide:
I cannot forget your tender embrace
when you were with me in my study in the dear old house (which we have
since left). 2 It has
been a constant source of strength in memory and I fully believe it was
by the will of God. There was no need for me to be “converted,” because
I already lived by the truths which you are always insisting on. What I
wanted, and what you gave, was the example of a life (yours was) devoted
entirely to the Truth, and the sense of brotherly love, to which I may
fitly add the extraordinary life of BAHA’O’LLAH.
Love is the secret of the universe,
and in love I aspire to live. You help me constantly.
I thank you also, with all my heart,
for empowering the admirable Mirza Ali Akbar 3 to
help me in my search for Truth. He has been, and is, of great service
to me and I shall express my gratitude to him both in private and in
public.
It is a great pleasure to have
Hashmatullah 4
so near.
My state of health does not allow me
to go into “society,” but I do see a few friends from time to time. 5
I fear that university circles are
not likely to be open-minded enough to receive the message of Bahaism.
But who would have expected a Saul to become a Paul? 6
St. Paul’s teaching appeals to me by
its “mysticism.” He too had a “thorn in the flesh,” but he heard a
voice saying “My strength is made perfect in weakness.” 7
I trust--rather I know--that your
inward strength remains undiminished. But you have worked, our Brother,
the body very hard of late!
With reverential love in El-ABHA, in
which my dear wife 8
joins, I am, beloved Friend and Guide,
(Signed) (Ruhani) F. K. [Sic.] CHEYNE
P.S.--I read with much sympathy your prayer for
Thornton Chase, and from time to time I turn to the volume of American
Tablets. 9 You
have indeed, like St. Paul, “the care of all the churches.” 10
May you be helped with that same help which you are empowered to convey
to others!
___________________________
[The above letter from Professor Cheyne was
sent by “The Center of the Covenant” [ `Abd al-Baha'] for
reproduction in the STAR OF THE WEST.--The Editors.]
See the Baha'i Magazine Star of the West
vol. 3 page 287.
Some
Notes by SL to the above letter.
1 Allaho’Abha! or
Allāhu'l-Abhā (= Allāh al-Abhā) meaning "God is the All-Glorious"
is the Baha'i greeting. The Arabis superlative Abhā derived from the
same root as the word Baha' ( B-H-A-W/') meaning `Glory, Splendour,
etc.,' which Baha'-Allah the founder of the Baha'i religion took to be
the Greatest Name of God and adopted forms of it as his personal
Self-designation from the 1840s.
2 Cheyne
lived at a very large property named "South Elms" in 17 Parks Road
Oxford (now demolished) where he met `Abd al-Baha' on December 31st 1912
later moving to a smaller Oxford residence at 11 Oakthorpe Road
which he named "Santa Lucia" and where he lived until his
passing with his second
wife Elizabeth Gibson Cheyne.
3
Most likely the Persian Baha'i Mirza Ali Akbar Rafsanjani (1880-1921) who appeared
in Europe when `Abdu'l-Baha' visited the West (see Mazandarani, Zuhur
al-ḥaqq vol 8 Pt.II p.1165). At times when in England Lotfullah Hakim acted as his Persian translator.
4 Hashmatu'llah.
This would appear to be Shaykh Hashmatu'llah Qureyshi (dates ??) of Agra
India (?) who had some knowledge of Arabic, Persian and English... ADD
5 Towards the end of his
life TKC had sight in only one eye and had great difficulty
speaking and moving about. His death certificate ADD
6
The reference to a Jewish "Saul" [of Tarsus = Paul, a staunch Pharisee
and anti-Christian) becoming the Christian "Paul" (the self-proclaimed
early Christian apostle to the Gentiles and author of several New
Testament books) may perhaps be an allusion to the Christian priest
Cheyne as the professorial academic changing to become becoming a Ruhani
(Spiritual) champion of "Bahaism" or the Bahā'ī religion.
7 Some
clarification of this is found in Paul's letter 2 Cor 12:7-10 cf.
Galations 4:13...
8 By
"my dear wife: TKC obviously means Elizabeth Gibson Cheyne (see below)
who had also met `Abd al-Baha' who praised her caring nature very
highly.
9
The prayer for Thornton Chase (
d.1912) the "first" American Bahā'ī can be found in
Star of the
West ADD. The "American Tablets" most probably refers to
various of the three volume set of letters or scriptural Tablets of `Abd
al-Bahā' published in the USA between 1909 and 1915-1919 :
Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas Volume I BAHAI PUBLISHING SOCIETY P.
O. Box 283 CHICAGO, U.S.A. 1909.
10 Refer
to Paul's Letter to
PERSIAN TABLET OF `ABD AL-BAHA'
TO T. K CHEYNE
(Translated completed by Stephen Lambden from Star
of the West [Per.Sect.] +Mirza Mahmud Zarqani ...)
OXFORD:
Professor Cheyne-- Rūḥānī ["Spiritual"]
upon him be Bahā'Allah al-Abhā (the Glory of God, the All-Glorious)
He is God
O thou, my spiritual philosopher! (faylasuf-i rūḥānī-yi man)
Your letter was received. In reality
its contents were eloquent for it was a sign of your literary fairness and
of your investigation of reality (taḥarī-yi ḥaqīqat va inṣāf dasht).
There are numerous professors in the world but most of them are held back
from the reality of the kingdom (ḥaqīqat-i malakūt). Yet you, praised be
God! are a [radiant] candle among Professors and have soared unto the Kingdom. You
do not [merely] walk upon the earth but rather, have [the power of spiritual]
flight.
There have been numerous learned ones
(`ulamā') among the Jews but they were [all] earthly. Yet Saint Paul became
heavenly because he could ascend upwards. In his own time no one duly
recognized him. Nay, rather he passed his days in the utmost
difficulty and hardship. It then became evident that he was not an
earthly bird but a heavenly one. He was not a materialistic philosopher but
rather a divine philosopher. It is likewise my hope that in the future both
the orient and the occident may become conscious that you were a divine
philosopher (faylasuf-i ilāhī) and a herald of the kingdom of God (munadi
bi-malakūt-i Allāh).
Saint Paul, however learned he was
when he received the news of the Messiah, completely forgot about
philosophical issues and became filled with the [spirit of the] Messiah as he states in his
writings [ADD]. I too am hopeful regarding yourself, that you become full of Bahā'-Allāh (the Splendor of God) and become the primary herald [of the
kingdom of God] in that region and land in order that you shine like a
star out of the horizon of Reality for all eternity.
Your respected wife [Elizabeth
Gibson Cheyne] deserves the utmost care and consideration. In my estimation
she exceeds (mumtaz) [in status] all the nuns (rāhibat) of the world. She,
verily, is perfect, wise and a truth worshipper. Praised be to God, she also
shares and is a partner with you [T. K. Cheyne] in heavenly qualities.
And upon you be salutations and
praise.
`Abdu'l-Baha' `Abbās
________________________________________________
`Abdul Bahā at Manchester College
Oxford Dec. 31st 1912
From Mirza
Mahmud Zarqani, Kitāb-i badāyi` al-āthār vol. 2: 50-52
On the 22 Muharram (31
December [1912]), after a group of friends and well-wishers came and
offered their respects and greetings, he headed for the university (dār
al-funun) of Oxford. And that school is famous for being among the
respected colleges. He arrived there after two hours from London
and went directly from the train station to the house of Professor
Cheyne, who was among the famous philosophers and writers of
England. Because the mentioned-Professor was in a state of sickness and
was afflicted with paralysis, since he had read some articles and
treatises regarding the blessed journey [of `Abdu'-Baha'], he becomes
aware of the divine teachings, accepts them, and sends a statement to
the blessed presence [of `Abdu'-Baha'] in America. He asked
permission to be in his presence, and expressed the desire to meet the
Master. That was why, after He went to London, he [TKC] organized a
special meeting at the university of Oxford, and invited the Master.
[Balyuzi translation
starts here:] "On arriving at Oxford the Master first went to visit the
above-mentioned professor and conversed with him with utmost kindness.
And he [TKC] showed the Master [`Abdu'-Baha'] his writings about the
Faith, which he was continuing despite his illness. In the condition he
was in he was expressing his faith and assurance with great fervour. His
attitude of belief and attentiveness so moved the Master that He several
times, kissed him on the head and on the face, and kept caressing his
face and his hair. The Master had luncheon at the home of Professor
Cheyne" (H. M. Balyuzi, Abdu'l-Baha - The Centre of the Covenant, p.
352)]. At the same table, he and his wife, with a group of friends from
London and Oxford, and the servants of the Master, were honored with the
Master’s presence. In the afternoon, after they had finished their tea, two
special automobiles were ready with a group of friends and attendants,
who took him to the [Manchester] college.
During the arrival of the Master, [51] several individuals
among the leading figures [ruasa] who were awaiting the Master’s
arrival at the door, welcomed him with complete humility. And the leader [Dr. J. Estlin Carpenter] took the arm of
the Master and took him to one of the large halls (talarha) of the
[University] college (dār al-funun). [Manchester College Library]. Although it was
vacation time and the winter season, the hall was full of people. As
they were introduced, they found out that most of the people were
professors of the university and clergymen of Oxford as well as honored
people of England. In spite of this [exalted gathering], when the Master
entered, everyone arose. When he signaled them to be seated, the leader
[Dr. Carpenter] stood up and, with utmost attention and eloquence,
explained the history and teachings of the Cause of God, the
difficulties of the 40 years in imprisonment in Akka', the glad-tidings
of the prophecies regarding this great, exalted age, the glory of
the children of Israel, and the arrival of the Center of the Covenant of
God [Abdu'l-Baha] in Egypt.
Before all this he [Dr. Carpenter] gave the utmost thanks to Professor
Cheyne since he was the cause of the occurrence of this gathering. He
spoke about the high rank and position of the aforementioned Professor [Cheyne].
Then he introduced the Master [`Abdu'-Baha'] with complete respect. And
when the Master arose, everyone applauded together, and they began to
shoe great joy. Then he [`Abdu'-Baha'] gave a long
talk about the importance of knowledge (‘ilm) and the bounties of this
century, about the teachings of this great theophany and the victory of
the power (beyond the universe) (of the supernatural), over the laws of
nature. And the meanings and the spiritual secrets, like a strong rain
from the sky of his generosity, poured forth. All the people who were
present became very excited and happy. They were listening
intelligently to his statements and they were greatly appreciative of
the way he explained the truth about these matters as well as the precision of
his statements.
After the conclusion of the blessed talk and some excitement and
commotion (in a good way), again the leader [Dr. Carpenter] arose. He
was even more effective and more beneficial than at first. He told the
story of the blessed imprisonment and the importance of the new
teachings. And he became occupied in praying for the Master, and his
protection, good health, happiness, and asked blessings for the people
of Baha, until he turned to the audience and said, ‘Anyone who has any
question from ‘Abdul-Baha, he is permitted to ask and listen to the
answer.
[52] Everyone expressed joy, thanks and praise for they were grateful
and content at listening to the sacred discourse. Then the leader [Dr.
Carpenter] pleaded with `Abdu’l Baha that the closing prayer come from
his mouth. After the end of the prayer, the people being content and
satisfied, they returned to the home of Professor Cheyne, where again a
group of leaders and professors were once more honored [with `Abdu'l-Baha's
presence]. They repeatedly expressed their sincerity and humility and
expressed the importance of the [Baha'i] Holy Cause and the divine
teachings. This until the group became large and it became a glorious
meeting.
And the most pure tongue [`Abdu’l Baha] discoursed about the unity of
the basic principles (usul) of the religions and the change of the
teachings according to the needs of the time and situation as well as
economic matters and other things. This in such a way that all of those
honored souls sought to assist and spread these blessed [Baha'i]
teachings. They desired to serve this great Cause, although until then
they didn’t even know what the [Baha'i] Faith was about.
In summary, when he [`Abdu’l Baha] returned in the evening from Oxford
to London, with the blessings of the Concourse on High, and the Lofty
Horizon, he started to talk: “Thank God that with the help and
assistance of the Kingdom of Abha (malakut-i abha), in this country, the
Holy Breeze is spread, and the Word of God gives life to hearts and
souls.”
And because the Master [`Abdu'l-Baha'] had mentioned Professor Cheyne’s
name so many times, both from his mouth and his pen, [saying] that he
was one of the foremost individuals and one of the most famous citizens
of England, we are thus including here some of his writings about this
great Faith in this article so that it would be a token of the greatness
of the [Baha'i] Faith of God and of the power of the covenant of
Baha’u’llah. And here is the article.
(translated by Sholeh
Quinn)
Excerpt from The Christian
Commonwealth, January 22, 1913:
"'Abdu'l-Bahá at Oxford"
'Abdu'l-Bahá
addressed a large and deeply interested audience at Manchester College,
Oxford, on December 31. The Persian leader spoke in his native tongue,
Mirza Ahmad Sohrab interpreting. Principal Estlin Carpenter presided,
and introduced the speaker by saying that they owed the honor and
pleasure of meeting 'Abdu'lBaha to their revered friend, Dr. Cheyne, who
was deeply interested in Bahá'í teaching. The movement sprung up during
the middle of the last century in Persia, with the advent of a young
Muhammadan who took to himself the title of the Báb (meaning door or
gate, through which men could arrive at the knowledge or truth of God),
and who commenced teaching in Persia in the year 1844. The purity of
his character, the nobility of his words, aroused great enthusiasm. He
was, however, subjected to great hostility by the authorities, who
secured his arrest and imprisonment, and he was finally executed in
1850. But the movement went on, and the writings of the Báb, which had
been copious, were widely read. The movement has been brought into
India, Europe, and the United States. It does not seek to create a new
sect, but to inspire all sects with a deep fundamental love. The late
Dr. Jowett once said to him that he had been so deeply impressed with
the teachings and character of the Báb that he thought Bábíism, as the
present movement was then known, might become the greatest religious
movement since the birth of Christ.
(Misc Baha'i, Appreciations of the Baha'i Faith,
p. 32)
TIMES OBITUARY OF THOMAS .K. CHEYNE
An Anonymous
Obituary
Founded in 1263 CE., Baliol College Oxford
SELECT LETTERS OF T. K. CHEYNE TO LADY SARAH BLOMFIELD
Letter of T.K. Cheyne regarding his Baha'i status scanned
from the original held in the Archives of the Oxford Baha'i
Community.
TRANSCRIPT OF THE ABOVE
LETTER OF T.K. CHEYNE TO
Mr. CRAVEN REGARDING HIS BAHĀ'Ī STATUS
Select URLs for T. K. Cheyne
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kelly_Cheyne
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR T. K. CHEYNE
TKC AND THE REVISION OF THE AV BIBLE
Anon.
-
`Cheyne, Thomas Kelly' in The New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, III 1963:27.
-
http://www.ccel.org/php/disp.php3?a=schaff&b=encyc03&p=27
-
-
`Cheyne, Thomas Kelly' in British Authors of the Nineteenth
Century . New York: Kunitz and Haycroft / The H. W. Wilson Company 1936
Bowden, J.
Charles, R. H.
Clements, R. E.
Cooke, G. A.,
Day, John,
-
`Cheyne, Thomas Kelly (1841-1915)', in
John H. Hayes ed. Dictionary of Biblical Interpretation,
(Nashville: Abingdom Press, 1999) pp. 177-8.
Duff, A.
Hawke, Joanna.
Nicholson, E.
-
Interpreting the Old Testament, A Century of the Oriel
Professorship, An Inaugural Lecture delivered before the University of Oxford
on 3rd February 1981. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
Nicoll, W.R.
Peake, A. S.
-
`Cheyne, Thomas Kelly' in Dictionary of National Biography
1912-1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1927, pp.119-20 + see DNB
Supplement 3 (1927), 119-120.
Rogerson, J.
Wilkinson, J. T.
Bahā'ī
related bibliography
`Abd al-Bahā' (1844-1921).
-
Star of the West
Vol. IV No. 16 (December 31, 1913)
Persian sect. p.4; Vol. IV No. 17 (January 19, 1914) pp.286f; Vol. IV No. 18
(February 7, 1914) Persian sect. pp.3-4.
Anon,
Abdo, Lilian, C. G.
Balyuzi, H. M.
Blomfield, Lady [Sitárih Khanum].
Lambden, Stephen.
Sohrab, Mirza Ahmad,
Zarqanī, Mirza Maḥmūd,
The Hollywell Cemetery (Oxford U.K.)
Gravestone of T. K Cheyne and his wives.
 
Celtic Cross with the
Inscription
Abideth Faith Hope Love.
 
Facets of the inscribed portions
of the Gravestone of T. K Cheyne and his first and second
wives in Holywell cemetery Oxford:
"In
memory of Frances Elizabeth Wife of Rev. Dr. Cheyne born 18
March 1844
Married 31 Jany. 1882 Died
30 Jany 1907.
She loved much.
Also of Elizabeth Second
wife of Rev. Dr Cheyne Died 24 April 1931."
____________________
"Also in memory of Thomas
Kelly Cheyne. Oriel Professor of the
Interpretation of Holy Scripture And Canon of Rochester
1885-1908
Born 18 Sept 1848 Died 16 Feby 1915
The Truth Shall Make you
Free."
_________________________________________
"I have felt deeply sad at the passing
away of Professor Cheyne at Oxford. Send a copy of his
book, which is (partly) on the [Baha'i] Cause", `Abdu'l-Baha:
from a Tablet translated by Shoghi Rabbani, dated
January 19, 1919 sent from the House of Abdul Baha, Haifa,
Palestine, cited from Star of the West, vol. 10:138.
The book requested here is Cheyne's The Reconciliation of
Races and Religions. Perhaps worth noting here is that a
copy of this book signed and sent by Cheyne to the Cambridge
orientalist E. G. Browne (d. 1926) is contained in the Baha'i
World Centre Library.
FOR SOME
DETAILS REGARDING HOLYWELL CEMETERY REFER
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mansassc/cemy.html
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mansassc/cemy2.html
Note
that the Notice board at the entrance to the cemetery does not
contain reference to the fact that T. K. Cheyne and his 1st and
second wives are buried here. Other important Oxford religious
figures buried in Holywell cemetery include the German born
orientalist Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900) a key figure in the
genesis of Indian Studies and Comparative religion as well, for
example, as the editor of the 50 vols. of the Sacred Books of the
East.
___________________________
THE POETESS ELIZABETH GIBSON CHEYNE
(1869-1931).
ADD PHOTO
ON ELIZABETH GIBSON CHEYNE AND HER POETRY REFER:
URL:
ELIZABETH GIBSON CHEYNE.htm
The first wife of TKC was Frances E. Godfrey (1844-1907)
the third daughter of the Revd D. R. Godfrey, fellow of Queen's College, Oxford,
and rector of Stow, Norfolk, whom he married on 31st January 1882. His second
wife was the poetess Elizabeth Gibson
Cheyne (1869-1931) daughter of John Pattinson Gibson (a chemist of Hexham) whom he married
(aged 69) on August 28th [19th] 1911 about four years after
the death of his first wife. Elizabeth Gibson was the sister of the `War Poet'
Wilfred Wilson Gibson (b. Hexham 1878-1962) :
see
URL:
http://www.firstworldwar.com/poetsandprose/gibson.htm
Both of T. K. Cheyne's
marriages were childless.
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